/*=========================================================================

  Program:   Visualization Toolkit
  Module:    vtkHyperTreeGrid.h

  Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
  All rights reserved.
  See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
/**
 * @class   vtkHyperTreeGrid
 * @brief   A dataset containing a grid of vtkHyperTree instances
 * arranged as a rectilinear grid.
 *
 *
 * An hypertree grid is a dataset containing a rectilinear grid of root nodes,
 * each of which can be refined as a vtkHyperTree grid. This organization of the
 * root nodes allows for the definition of tree-based AMR grids that do not have
 * uniform geometry.
 * Some filters can be applied on this dataset: contour, outline, geometry.
 *
 * @warning
 * It is not a spatial search object. If you are looking for this kind of
 * octree see vtkCellLocator instead.
 * Extent support is not finished yet.
 *
 * @sa
 * vtkHyperTree vtkRectilinearGrid
 *
 * @par Thanks:
 * This class was written by Philippe Pebay, Joachim Pouderoux and Charles Law,
 * Kitware 2013
 * This work was supported in part by Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA/DIF)
*/

#ifndef vtkHyperTreeGrid_h
#define vtkHyperTreeGrid_h

#include "vtkCommonDataModelModule.h" // For export macro
#include "vtkDataSet.h"
#include <map> // STL header for dual point coordinates ajustment

class vtkHyperTreeCursor;
class vtkHyperTree;

class vtkBitArray;
class vtkCellLinks;
class vtkCollection;
class vtkDataArray;
class vtkDataSetAttributes;
class vtkIdTypeArray;
class vtkLine;
class vtkPixel;
class vtkPoints;
class vtkVoxel;

class VTKCOMMONDATAMODEL_EXPORT vtkHyperTreeGrid : public vtkDataSet
{
public:

  class vtkHyperTreeSimpleCursor;
  class vtkHyperTreeIterator;
  struct vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor;

  static vtkInformationIntegerKey* LEVELS();
  static vtkInformationIntegerKey* DIMENSION();
  static vtkInformationDoubleVectorKey* SIZES();
  static vtkHyperTreeGrid* New();

  vtkTypeMacro(vtkHyperTreeGrid, vtkDataSet);
  void PrintSelf( ostream&, vtkIndent ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Return what type of dataset this is.
   */
  int GetDataObjectType() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Copy the internal geometric and topological structure of a
   * vtkHyperTreeGrid object.
   */
  void CopyStructure( vtkDataSet* ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  //@{
  /**
   * Set/Get sizes of this rectilinear grid dataset
   */
  void SetGridSize( unsigned int[3] );
  void SetGridSize( unsigned int i, unsigned int j, unsigned int k );
  vtkGetVector3Macro(GridSize, unsigned int);
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Set/Get extent of this rectilinear grid dataset
   */
  void SetGridExtent(int extent[6]);
  void SetGridExtent(int iMin, int iMax, int jMin, int jMax,
                     int kMin, int kMax);
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Specify whether indexing mode of grid root cells must be transposed to
   * x-axis first, z-axis last, instead of the default z-axis first, k-axis last
   */
  vtkSetMacro(TransposedRootIndexing, bool);
  vtkGetMacro(TransposedRootIndexing, bool);
  void SetIndexingModeToKJI()
    { this->SetTransposedRootIndexing( false ); }
  void SetIndexingModeToIJK()
    { this->SetTransposedRootIndexing( true ); }
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Set/Get the subdivision factor in the grid refinement scheme
   * NB: Can only be 2 or 3
   */
  void SetBranchFactor( unsigned int );
  vtkGetMacro(BranchFactor, unsigned int);
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Set/Get the dimensionality of the grid
   * NB: Can only be 1, 2 or 3
   */
  void SetDimension( unsigned int );
  vtkGetMacro(Dimension, unsigned int);
  //@}

  /**
   * Return the number of cells in the dual grid.
   */
  vtkIdType GetNumberOfCells() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Return the number of points in the dual grid.
   */
  vtkIdType GetNumberOfPoints() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Get the number of leaves in the primal tree grid.
   */
  vtkIdType GetNumberOfLeaves();

  /**
   * Return the number of levels in an individual (primal) tree
   */
  vtkIdType GetNumberOfLevels( vtkIdType );

  /**
   * Return the number of trees in the level 0 grid.
   */
  vtkIdType GetNumberOfTrees();

  //@{
  /**
   * Specify the grid coordinates in the x-direction.
   */
  void SetXCoordinates( vtkDataArray* );
  vtkGetObjectMacro(XCoordinates, vtkDataArray);
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Specify the grid coordinates in the y-direction.
   */
  void SetYCoordinates( vtkDataArray* );
  vtkGetObjectMacro(YCoordinates, vtkDataArray);
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Specify the grid coordinates in the z-direction.
   */
  void SetZCoordinates( vtkDataArray* );
  vtkGetObjectMacro(ZCoordinates, vtkDataArray);
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Specify the blanking mask of primal leaf cells
   */
  void SetMaterialMask( vtkBitArray* );
  vtkGetObjectMacro(MaterialMask, vtkBitArray);
  //@}

  //@{
  /**
   * Specify the visibility mask of primal leaf cells
   */
  virtual void SetMaterialMaskIndex( vtkIdTypeArray* );
  vtkGetObjectMacro(MaterialMaskIndex, vtkIdTypeArray);
  //@}

  /**
   * This method must be called once the tree settings change
   */
  virtual void GenerateTrees();

  /**
   * Create a new cursor: an object that can traverse
   * the cells of an individual hyper tree.
   * \post result_exists: result!=0
   */
  vtkHyperTreeCursor* NewCursor( vtkIdType );

  /**
   * Subdivide node pointed by cursor, only if its a leaf.
   * At the end, cursor points on the node that used to be leaf.
   * \pre leaf_exists: leaf!=0
   * \pre is_a_leaf: leaf->CurrentIsLeaf()
   */
  void SubdivideLeaf( vtkHyperTreeCursor*, vtkIdType );

  /**
   * This method should be avoided in favor of cell/point iterators.
   * Random access to points requires that arrays are created explicitly.
   * Get point coordinates with ptId such that: 0 <= ptId < NumberOfPoints.
   * THIS METHOD IS NOT THREAD SAFE.
   */
  double* GetPoint( vtkIdType ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * This method should be avoided in favor of cell/point iterators.
   * Random access to points requires that arrays are created explicitly.
   * Copy point coordinates into user provided array x[3] for specified
   * point id.
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE IF FIRST CALLED FROM A SINGLE THREAD AND
   * THE DATASET IS NOT MODIFIED
   */
  void GetPoint( vtkIdType, double[3] ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * This method should be avoided in favor of cell/point iterators.
   * Random access to cells requires that connectivity arrays are created explicitly.
   * Get cell with cellId such that: 0 <= cellId < NumberOfCells.
   * THIS METHOD IS NOT THREAD SAFE.
   */
  vtkCell* GetCell( vtkIdType ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * This method should be avoided in favor of cell/point iterators.
   * Random access to cells requires that connectivity arrays are created explicitly.
   * Get cell with cellId such that: 0 <= cellId < NumberOfCells.
   * This is a thread-safe alternative to the previous GetCell()
   * method.
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE IF FIRST CALLED FROM A SINGLE THREAD AND
   * THE DATASET IS NOT MODIFIED
   */
  void GetCell( vtkIdType, vtkGenericCell* ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * All cell types are 2: quadrilaters,3d: hexahedrons.  They may be degenerate though.
   * Get type of cell with cellId such that: 0 <= cellId < NumberOfCells.
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE IF FIRST CALLED FROM A SINGLE THREAD AND
   * THE DATASET IS NOT MODIFIED
   */
  int GetCellType( vtkIdType ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * This method should be avoided in favor of cell/point iterators.
   * Random access to cells requires that connectivity arrays are created explicitly.
   * Topological inquiry to get points defining cell.
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE IF FIRST CALLED FROM A SINGLE THREAD AND
   * THE DATASET IS NOT MODIFIED
   */
  void GetCellPoints( vtkIdType, vtkIdList* ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Return a pointer to a list of point ids defining cell.
   * NB: More efficient than alternative method.
   */
  virtual void GetCellPoints( vtkIdType, vtkIdType&, vtkIdType*& );

  /**
   * This method should be avoided in favor of cell/point iterators.
   * Random access to cells requires that connectivity arrays are created explicitly.
   * Topological inquiry to get cells using point.
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE IF FIRST CALLED FROM A SINGLE THREAD AND
   * THE DATASET IS NOT MODIFIED
   */
  void GetPointCells( vtkIdType, vtkIdList* ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * This method should be avoided in favor of cell/point iterators.
   * Random access to cells requires that connectivity arrays are created explicitly.
   * Topological inquiry to get all cells using list of points exclusive of
   * cell specified (e.g., cellId). Note that the list consists of only
   * cells that use ALL the points provided.
   * This is exactly the same as GetCellNeighbors in unstructured grid.
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE IF FIRST CALLED FROM A SINGLE THREAD AND
   * THE DATASET IS NOT MODIFIED
   */
  void GetCellNeighbors( vtkIdType, vtkIdList*, vtkIdList* ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Find cell to which this point belongs, or at least closest one,
   * even if the point is outside the grid.
   * Since dual points are leaves, use the structure of the Tree instead
   * of a point locator.
   */
  vtkIdType FindPoint( double x[3] ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Locate cell based on global coordinate x and tolerance
   * squared. If cell and cellId is non-NULL, then search starts from
   * this cell and looks at immediate neighbors.  Returns cellId >= 0
   * if inside, < 0 otherwise.  The parametric coordinates are
   * provided in pcoords[3]. The interpolation weights are returned in
   * weights[]. (The number of weights is equal to the number of
   * points in the found cell). Tolerance is used to control how close
   * the point is to be considered "in" the cell.
   * NB: There is actually no need for a starting cell, just use the
   * point, as the tree structure is efficient enough.
   * THIS METHOD IS NOT THREAD SAFE.
   */
  vtkIdType FindCell( double x[3], vtkCell *cell, vtkIdType cellId,
                      double tol2, int& subId, double pcoords[3],
                      double *weights ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * This is a version of the above method that can be used with
   * multithreaded applications. A vtkGenericCell must be passed in
   * to be used in internal calls that might be made to GetCell()
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE IF FIRST CALLED FROM A SINGLE THREAD AND
   * THE DATASET IS NOT MODIFIED
   */
  vtkIdType FindCell( double x[3], vtkCell *cell,
                      vtkGenericCell *gencell, vtkIdType cellId,
                      double tol2, int& subId, double pcoords[3],
                      double *weights ) VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Restore data object to initial state,
   * THIS METHOD IS NOT THREAD SAFE.
   */
  void Initialize() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Initialize an iterator to browse level 0 trees.
   */
  void InitializeTreeIterator( vtkHyperTreeIterator& );

  /**
   * Convenience method returns largest cell size in dataset. This is generally
   * used to allocate memory for supporting data structures.
   * This is the number of points of a cell.
   * THIS METHOD IS THREAD SAFE
   */
  int GetMaxCellSize() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  //@{
  /**
   * Shallow and Deep copy.
   */
  void ShallowCopy( vtkDataObject* ) VTK_OVERRIDE;
  void DeepCopy( vtkDataObject* ) VTK_OVERRIDE;
  //@}

  /**
   * Structured extent. The extent type is a 3D extent
   */
  int GetExtentType() VTK_OVERRIDE { return VTK_3D_EXTENT; }

  /**
   * Return the actual size of the data in kibibytes (1024 bytes). This number
   * is valid only after the pipeline has updated. The memory size
   * returned is guaranteed to be greater than or equal to the
   * memory required to represent the data (e.g., extra space in
   * arrays, etc. are not included in the return value). THIS METHOD
   * IS THREAD SAFE.
   */
  unsigned long GetActualMemorySize() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  /**
   * Generate the table before calling InitializeSuperCursorChild.
   */
  void GenerateSuperCursorTraversalTable();

#ifndef __VTK_WRAP__
  //@{
  /**
   * Initialize a super cursor to point to one of the root trees
   * in the grid.  The super cursor points to a node in a tree and
   * also keeps pointers to the 26 neighbors of said node.
   */
  void InitializeSuperCursor( vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor*,
                              unsigned int,
                              unsigned int,
                              unsigned int,
                              vtkIdType );
  void InitializeSuperCursor( vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor*,
                              vtkIdType );
  //@}
  /**
   * Initialize a cursor to point to a child of an existing super cursor.
   * This will not work in place.
   */
  void InitializeSuperCursorChild( vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor* parent,
                                   vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor* child,
                                   unsigned int childIdx );
#endif

  //@{
  /**
   * The number of children each node can have.
   */
  vtkGetMacro(NumberOfChildren, unsigned int);
  //@}

  /**
   * Convert a level 0 index to its ijk coordinates according the grid size.
   */
  void GetLevelZeroCoordsFromIndex( vtkIdType index,
                                    unsigned int &i,
                                    unsigned int &j,
                                    unsigned int &k );

protected:
  // Constructor with default bounds (0,1, 0,1, 0,1).
  vtkHyperTreeGrid();
  ~vtkHyperTreeGrid() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  void ComputeBounds() VTK_OVERRIDE;

  void GetCell( vtkIdType, vtkCell* );

  void ComputeDualGrid();
  vtkPoints* GetPoints();
  vtkIdTypeArray* GetConnectivity();

  unsigned int Dimension;    // 1, 2 or 3.
  unsigned int GridSize[3];
  int Extent[6];
  unsigned int BranchFactor;
  unsigned int NumberOfChildren;
  bool TransposedRootIndexing;

  vtkBitArray* MaterialMask;
  vtkIdTypeArray* MaterialMaskIndex;

  vtkDataArray* XCoordinates;
  vtkDataArray* YCoordinates;
  vtkDataArray* ZCoordinates;

  std::map<vtkIdType, vtkHyperTree*> HyperTrees;

  vtkPoints* Points;
  vtkIdTypeArray* Connectivity;
  std::map<vtkIdType, bool> PointShifted;
  std::map<vtkIdType, double> PointShifts[3];
  std::map<vtkIdType, double> ReductionFactors;

  void DeleteInternalArrays();
  void DeleteTrees();

#if !defined(__VTK_WRAP__) && !defined(__WRAP_GCCXML__)
  void TraverseDualRecursively( vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor*, unsigned int );

  void TraverseDualMaskedLeaf( vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor* );

  void TraverseDualLeaf( vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor* );

  void EvaluateDualCorner( vtkHyperTreeSimpleCursor* );
#endif

  // Used to advance the super cursor; One Entry per cursor node.
  // Private.
  struct vtkSuperCursorEntry
  {
    // For the new node, start with the node in super cursor as parent.
    unsigned char Parent;
    // Traverse to this child.
    unsigned char Child;
  };

  // Generalizing for 27 tree. Cannot use 3 bits to encode the child to move to.
  // Input: root in supercursor(3x3x3=27), child(3x3x3=27)
  // Output: root, child
  // It is easier to abstract dimensions when we use a single array.
  vtkSuperCursorEntry SuperCursorTraversalTable[27*27];

  // for the GetCell method
  vtkLine* Line;
  vtkPixel* Pixel;
  vtkVoxel* Voxel;

  // I would like to get rid of this.
  // Is it a part of the vtkDataSet API?
  vtkCellLinks* Links;
  void BuildLinks();

  vtkIdType RecursiveFindPoint( double x[3],
                                vtkHyperTreeSimpleCursor* cursor,
                                double* origin, double* size);

public:

  // A simplified hyper tree cursor, to be used by the hyper tree
  // grid supercursor.
  class VTKCOMMONDATAMODEL_EXPORT vtkHyperTreeSimpleCursor
  {
  public:
    vtkHyperTreeSimpleCursor();

    void Clear();
    void Initialize( vtkHyperTreeGrid*, vtkIdType, int[3] );
    void ToRoot();
    void ToChild( int );
    bool IsLeaf();
    vtkHyperTree* GetTree() { return this->Tree; }
    vtkIdType GetLeafIndex() { return this->Index; } // Only valid for leaves.
    vtkIdType GetGlobalNodeIndex();
    unsigned short GetLevel() { return this->Level; }

  private:
    vtkHyperTree* Tree;
    vtkIdType Index;
    unsigned short Level;
    bool Leaf;
  };

  class VTKCOMMONDATAMODEL_EXPORT vtkHyperTreeIterator
  {
  public:
    vtkHyperTreeIterator() {}

    /**
     * Initialize the iterator on the tree set of the given HyperTreeGrid.
     */
    void Initialize( vtkHyperTreeGrid* );

    /**
     * Get the next tree and set its index then increment the iterator.
     * Returns 0 at the end.
     */
    vtkHyperTree* GetNextTree( vtkIdType &index );

    /**
     * Get the next tree and set its index then increment the iterator.
     * Returns 0 at the end.
     */
    vtkHyperTree* GetNextTree();

  protected:
    std::map<vtkIdType, vtkHyperTree*>::iterator Iterator;
    vtkHyperTreeGrid* Tree;
  };

  // Public structure filters use to move around the tree.
  // The super cursor keeps neighbor cells so filters can
  // easily access neighbor to leaves.
  // The super cursor is 'const'.  Methods in vtkHyperTreeGrid
  // initialize and compute children for moving toward leaves.
  struct vtkHyperTreeGridSuperCursor
  {
    double Origin[3];
    double Size[3];
    int NumberOfCursors;
    int MiddleCursorId;
    vtkHyperTreeSimpleCursor Cursors[3*3*3];

    vtkHyperTreeSimpleCursor* GetCursor( int idx )
    {
      return this->Cursors + this->MiddleCursorId + idx;
    }
  };

private:
  vtkHyperTreeGrid(const vtkHyperTreeGrid&) VTK_DELETE_FUNCTION;
  void operator=(const vtkHyperTreeGrid&) VTK_DELETE_FUNCTION;
};

#endif